What is chickenpox?
Chickenpox, also known as “varicella”, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It’s most common in children, but babies and adults who are not immune can get it too.
It typically begins with a mild fever, followed by small red, itchy spots that turn into fluid-filled blisters before drying out. Chickenpox spreads very easily through coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with the skin lesions.
Fortunately, in most cases, the illness resolves on its own within about 10 days.
What are the symptoms of chickenpox?
Chickenpox symptoms vary depending on age, but the illness generally follows the same pattern: fever, fatigue and the appearance of itchy spots.
The incubation period for chickenpox, the time between exposure to the virus and the first signs of illness, is usually between 10 and 21 days. During this time, a person can be contagious even before any visible symptoms appear, which explains how easily chickenpox spreads.
Chickenpox symptoms in children (the most common case)
In children, chickenpox tends to follow a well-known progression, with symptoms that develop over several days:
- Mild to moderate fever (often the first sign);
- Fatigue, irritability or loss of appetite;
- Red spots that:
- turn into fluid-filled blisters,
- eventually scab over;
- Significant itching, especially during the blister phase;
- A rash that appears in multiple waves, usually over 4 to 5 days.
Chickenpox symptoms in babies
In babies, chickenpox symptoms may be less obvious at first, but the rash usually appears eventually:
- Subtle early signs like irritability or decreased appetite
- Fever (may or may not be present)
- A rash similar to that seen in older children, though sometimes harder to detect, especially in very young infants
Babies under 1 year old are at greater risk of complications. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional promptly if chickenpox is suspected.
Chickenpox in adults: monitor more closely
Chickenpox in adults is often more severe than in children. Here’s what you need to know.
Chickenpox symptoms in adults tend to be more intense:
- Higher fever
- Extreme fatigue
- A more widespread and abundant rash
There’s also a greater risk of complications, such as:
- Pneumonia
- Infections of the skin lesions
- Later development of shingles (herpes zoster)
You should see a doctor if you notice:
- A persistent or very high fever
- Difficulty breathing
- A noticeable decline in overall health
What to do in case of chickenpox?
In most cases, chickenpox resolves on its own without the need for specific medical treatment. The main goal is to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Here are a few simple steps that can help.
To reduce itching:
- Use a soothing lotion (such as calamine) or over-the-counter products recommended by your pharmacist
- Keep nails trimmed short to prevent skin damage from scratching
To lower fever, if needed:
- Use acetaminophen
- Avoid aspirin, especially in children
To support rest and hydration:
- Ensure plenty of fluids throughout the day
- Encourage rest, especially in the first few days
To avoid spreading the virus:
- Limit contact with vulnerable individuals, such as newborns, pregnant women and immunocompromised people
For daycare or school, if the child is in good overall health and able to participate normally in group activities, there is no need for automatic exclusion.
Can you get vaccinated against chickenpox?
Yes, there is a chickenpox vaccine available as part of the routine childhood immunization schedule, but it’s also offered to adults who have never had the illness.
The vaccine can help prevent chickenpox or reduce the severity of symptoms if the infection occurs. It is especially recommended for people at higher risk of complications, such as:
- Healthcare workers
- Non-immune women planning a pregnancy (vaccination should be done before becoming pregnant)
- Adults who live with young children
Your pharmacist is here to help
If you or your child is dealing with chickenpox, your pharmacist is a trusted ally. They can help you recognize chickenpox symptoms, recommend over-the-counter products to relieve itching or reduce fever, and refer you to a doctor if needed.
Depending on your situation, the chickenpox vaccine may also be worth considering, especially for individuals at higher risk who have never had the illness.
The pharmacy team is there to listen, answer your questions and offer clear, personalized advice, no appointment needed.
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not replace the advice of a healthcare professional. Always consult your pharmacist or doctor for personalized care.
