What is whooping cough?
Whooping cough is a respiratory infection that causes a persistent and sometimes intense cough. It’s caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria and is highly contagious, especially where people are in close contact.
Although it’s often associated with children, whooping cough can also affect adults and, in some cases, lead to serious complications.
It’s important to note that whooping cough is a notifiable disease, which means doctors are required to report confirmed cases to public health authorities.
How does whooping cough spread?
Whooping cough spreads from person to person, mainly through droplets released when someone coughs, sneezes or talks nearby.
It’s most contagious in the early stages, often during the first two weeks of illness, and sometimes even before symptoms appear. Just one infected person can pass it on to many others, especially in enclosed environments like daycares, schools or households.
That’s why it’s essential to recognize whooping cough symptoms early and limit contact with others, especially babies and vulnerable individuals who are at higher risk of serious complications.
What are the symptoms of whooping cough?
Whooping cough is marked by a series of distinctive symptoms that progress through different stages. At first, it may resemble a common cold, but the symptoms gradually become more intense and severe. Here are some of the typical signs of the illness:
- Severe coughing fits: These violent episodes can make it seem like the child is choking. During a fit, the face may turn red and the eyes may tear up. After the coughing ends, a loud, gasping breath follows, often described as the “whoop” sound that gave the disease its name.
- Runny nose: In the early stages, whooping cough often presents with a runny nose, much like a regular cold.
- Mild fever: A slight fever may occur, often accompanied by general fatigue.
- Episodes of apnea: In young children especially, coughing fits may lead to worrisome pauses in breathing.
- Nausea and vomiting: The intensity of the coughing can cause some people to feel nauseous or even to vomit.
- Breathing difficulties: Persistent coughing and mucus buildup can create a choking sensation or make it hard to breathe.
While these symptoms are common, they require prompt medical attention to confirm the diagnosis and begin proper whooping cough treatment, helping to lower the risk of serious complications.
Can whooping cough be prevented?
Yes, and vaccination plays a key role in prevention. By following the recommended immunization schedule from early childhood and ensuring that pregnant women are protected, we can significantly reduce the spread of the disease. These simple steps help to protect not only babies, but the entire community.
The whooping cough vaccine
The whooping cough vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule. For young children, a total of five doses are given, starting at two months of age and continuing until around age six. This series offers strong protection in the early years of life, but immunity decreases over time – making booster shots important.
A booster shot may be recommended at different stages of life, including:
- During adolescence, between ages 14 and 16
- In adulthood, if no dose has been received
- During pregnancy, ideally between weeks 27 and 32
This booster shot during pregnancy is especially important: it allows the mother to pass antibodies on to her baby, offering protection from birth. If the vaccine can’t be given at that exact time, receiving it a bit earlier or later still provides similar benefits.
People who are in frequent contact with infants such as parents, grandparents or caregivers should also make sure they’re vaccinated, ideally at least two weeks before close contact.
Your Accès pharma pharmacist can check your vaccination status, answer your questions, and help you schedule your vaccine at the right time.
How is whooping cough treated?
Treating whooping cough promptly is key to managing symptoms and reducing the risk of spreading it to others. While the cough can last for several weeks, there are ways to ease the illness and support recovery.
In children
Some treatments commonly used for adults, like cough syrups, lozenges or bronchodilators are not recommended for young children.
Instead, treatment is mostly based on supportive care:
- Keeping the child well hydrated
- Reducing fatigue and encouraging rest
- Monitoring for more serious signs, such as breathing pauses
- Consulting a healthcare professional promptly when needed
Antibiotics may be prescribed, especially if given early at the first signs of illness. While they may not shorten the coughing period, their main role is to reduce contagiousness, especially within the family or in daycare settings.
In more severe cases, especially for babies under six months, hospitalization may be required to prevent complications.
A child with whooping cough should not attend group activities (such as daycare, school or camp) until they’ve completed at least five days of antibiotic treatment. Without treatment, exclusion may last up to three weeks after the cough begins or until symptoms fully resolve.
In adults
For adults, certain treatments can help to relieve symptoms.
- Antibiotics: These help reduce the risk of spreading the infection and, if started early (ideally within the first two weeks), may also lessen the severity of symptoms.
- Symptom relief: Cough syrups or lozenges are sometimes recommended to ease the cough, although they may have limited effect on the intense coughing associated with whooping cough. In some cases, bronchodilators, medications that help open the airways, may be prescribed to make breathing easier.
- Staying hydrated: Drinking fluids regularly is essential, especially if the coughing causes vomiting or reduces appetite. Proper hydration supports the body’s recovery process.
Questions about whooping cough or its treatment?
Your Accès pharma pharmacist is here to support you, whether it’s to assess your symptoms, guide you toward the right care, or help you to schedule a vaccination appointment.
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not replace the advice of a healthcare professional. Always consult your pharmacist or doctor for personalized care.
